Definitions

Humanism: A development where Renaissance scholars looked for inspiration and guidance from the writings of classical/ancient Greece and Rome. This view placed emphasis on life here and now and that humans had potential to do and accomplish great things. Ultimately this view focused on human values, abilities, and individual worth, and saw human society as something valuable and could be improved upon.

Crusades: A medieval Christian military expeditions to recover the Holy Land (Jersualem) from the Muslims. Jews, Muslims and Christians all believed that this land belonged to them because that was where the roots of these religions came from.

Explorers: In the renaissance people started to get more curious and started to explore outside the 'Known' This is called exploring when people go and find new lands. People started finding South America and North America which started causing problems with the natives that lived their. They aso started mining the gold and other minerals their. The explorers helped form what is North and South America today.

The Roman Empire: The Roman Empire started their reign in 509 B.C. and lasted for 1000 years. The Empire had control over all the countries that surrounded Italy. Then a big group of barbarians overtook the Empire and thus the fall of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was a collection of monarchies in the sense that each country was run by a king. However, the Roman Empire made decisions on the more important things like how to increase the size of their Empire. Guilds: An association of craftsmen or merchants that often had considerable power and wealth. Similar to a club these groups consisted of people with similar interests and/or jobs. These guilds often made decisions during meetings and gatherings. There were guilds for many trades and you could not practice these trades without the guilds permission. Most guilds asked for a fee to join them and could expel you at any time.

Plague: A contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever delirium, typically with the formation buboes and sometimes the infection of lungs. The Black Death was first called the Bubonic Plague because buboes formed on the body which are black welts that blood and puss seeped from. The first plague wiped out over a third of the population.

Renaissance Worldview:  The Renaissance worldview mainly concluded of humanism and man was the center of the world. Many changes went under way from the medieval times to the renaissance. There views were very different. The renaissance then believed “horses are born, while men are formed.” In the medieval times they believed that life was something pass by to prepare for the after life, they believed that god was there leader. During the Renaissance the people also got most of there views from the ancient Greek ways. That is mostly what the Renaissance was. Also, during the Renaissance there was a very humanistic society.

Worldview: is a collection of values and beliefs about life and the universe that is common to a group of people; a particular philosophy of life or conception of the world.

Feudal System: A system developed in the 8th century by King William. It was a system developed to give structure and bring back rules to the Middle Ages. It was a form of government. The King was the leader and could do whatever he wanted. He was chosen by the church, or god. Everyone believed that god picked a ruler to lead them. The higher clergy and would be the most important after the king. The higher nobles would be the next important. Then knights, lesser nobles, and lesser clergy would be the next important. All these people lived in the castle. If someone who was ahead of you in importance you had to obey anything they said. Disobeying could get you burned at the stake. The lowest class were the peasants. The peasants live in huts and work for the king and would give him 2/3 of their crops. In return they are protected. Whatever category you were born in is the category you would work in. I was very unlikely to move up.

PAPACY: Will, Dan

The office or authority of the pope.

City-state: A Sovereign state consisting of a self-governing with it's own dependencies